It is understood by reproduction (art. 18 of the LPI) the fixation of a work in any medium (paper, electronic, microfit, ...) that allows the communication and the obtaining of copies of all or of a part.

In addition to works excluded from intellectual property (art. 13 LPI ) or that are of public domain (art. 41 LPI ), The LPI It contemplates some cases in which reproductions can be made without the authorization of the author or holder of the rights.
 

As established byarticle 32.1 LPI , in certain circumstances fragments of disclosed works (or isolated works of a figurative plastic or photographic nature) may be reproduced if these are used as a citation or review, ie:

In relation to the documents obtained from a database contracted by means of a license of use, it is necessary to keep in mind that they can only be used respecting the conditions established in the contract signed with the supplier.

For example, in the case of images, a photograph obtained from a photo database can not be reproduced if the corresponding license does not allow it.

The sections 3-5 of the article 32 LPI They detail the cases in which the teaching staff can take refuge in the right of illustration for teaching and research purposes:
 

• The teaching staffregulated education (university and non-university) taught in centers of the Spanish educational system and the staff ofUniversities and public bodies of scientific research they can copy, distribute and publicly communicate small fragments of works and isolated works of a plastic or photographic figurative nature, without any commercial purpose and to the extent necessary, provided that the requirements set out inart. 32.3.
   
• In the specific case ofUniversities and public research centers, parts of works (printed or likely to be printed) may also be reproduced, distributed and publicly communicated, including  textbooks, university manuals or assimilated publications, with a Compulsory economic compensation, provided that the requirements ofart. 32.4.

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The reproduction of photographs or drawings is an exclusive right of the respective authors, which can not be done without their authorization or in the cases provided for by the LPI:

• Because it is not possible to reproduce the documents without the permission of the authors, except for the cases allowed by the legislation (legal texts, reproductions made by the libraries, copies of private use, etc.), authors should be asked for authorization to reproduce documents of our interest.

• Making the requests individually would be very slow and costly, and sometimes impossible; that is why you collective intellectual property management entities (e.g. CEDRO) provide reproduction licenses, authorizations that through a payment allow the reproduction of works with the limitations decided by these entities.

• Copies of the protected material made to copisteries or other centers that they have devices at the disposal of the public are not considered private copies, since they are only those made by means of devices whose owner is the copyist person, and as long as no collective or commercial use is made.

• The collective management entities of intellectual property rights grant licenses or authorizations for reproduction of works with a series of limitations. Copisteries or other centers with devices available to the public must contract these licenses, the amount of which is negotiated based on the percentage of copies of the protected material that they do with respect to the total.

• Licenses only allow a partial reproduction of the documents. For example, there are licenses that allow copy companies the maximum reproduction of an 10% of the work. The articles can be photocopied whole even if they exceed a specific percentage of the magazine, but if you want to photocopy more than one article of the same number, the percentages established by the license are maintained.

• Photocopiers of offices or offices need one reprogrammed license only in case copies of material protected with the same (articles, books, etc.) are made.

• Keep in mind that these copies of protected material can not be considered as private use, since the ownership of the machine is from the company, not from the contracted personnel that can use it, which is why it would be necessary to have one license

• On the other hand, if staff only uses photocopiers of the company to reproduce administrative documents (or others that are not subject to copyright), it is not necessary to hire a reprographic license.

El right of remuneration for private copying It is the right of remuneration for authors to compensate for the private copies that users can make of their works, that is, copies made in a home environment, without using collective or commercial uses.

As stated the article 25.6 LPI , the obligation to pay the compensation provided in section 1 of this article is created in the following cases:

According to thearticle 25.10 LPI, it is foreseen the constitution by part of the entities of management of intellectual property rights of a legal entity that must exercise, on behalf of all, the following functions:
 

a) The management of the exceptions of the payment and of the reimbursements.

b) The reception and subsequent referral to the management entities of the Periodic relationships of equipment, devices and reproduction media with respect to which the obligation to pay compensation has been created, drawn up by the debtors and, where applicable, by the joint and several responsible, in the framework of the procedure to effect the compensation determined by means of a royal decree.

c) The unified communication of the billing.