Title: Disseny d'una instal·lació elèctrica amb energies renovables, amb control Scada, per una explotació rural Authors: Moreno Morrell, Salvador Abstract: El present projecte té com a objecte controlar, monitoritzar i gestionar a distancia un hivernacle per tal d’optimitzar el rendiment de la plantació que s’hi farà. L’hivernacle es distribuirà en quatre mòduls d’hivernacles, cada un d’ells controlats mitjançant unes estacions perifèriques. Per a aquest fi es crearà una xarxa Profinet juntament amb un cinquè PLC a mode de màster dels perifèrics i esclaus d’aquest. Hi haurà una connexió Profinet entre un PC, que monitoritzarà i recollirà totes les dades, i els PLC. Així, des de l’ordinador un operari podrà monitoritzar tot el sistema i rebre informació sobre les diferents variables en què estarà la plantació i, el més important, l’ordinador executarà les mesures adients per optimitzar-ne el rendiment. Serà una xarxa completament descentralitzada. El control podrà ser automatitzat per complet en haver definit aquestes variables de setpoint i advertiments o alarmes d’avís. És a dir, funcionarà totalment sol, si bé, sempre amb l’opció d’activar el que convingués en mode manual. L’hivernacle està situat en una finca rústica de la població de Santa Oliva, a la província de Tarragona. El cultiu que s’hi farà serà de tomàquet, la varietat de tomàquet Raf. El projecte s’estructura en tres grans parts diferenciades. La primera, i més genèrica, a mode d’introducció s’explicarà què es vol fer: es plantejarà en quina zona geogràfica es pretén desenvolupar l’explotació agrícola en un hivernacle. Es tractarà el tema del cultiu escollit i quines són les seves condicions per fer-lo més òptim. I, en darrer terme, s’estudiarà el funcionament general d’un hivernacle. A la segona part, es passa a l’aplicació pràctica de l’estudi que s’ha fet prèviament sobre un hivernacle. Es triaran els mitjans més adequats per desenvolupar una collita d’excel•lència; això és: escollir els sensors més adequats per controlar, per exemple, la temperatura o la humitat del sòl i se’n calcularan les línies. Posteriorment, es farà l’estudi de l’automatització mitjançant PLC’s. S’escollirà la marca de PLC a instal·lar i es faran els grafcets pel sistema de calefacció o de control de les pantalles tèrmiques, entre d’altres. Arribat aquest punt ja hauríem plantejat a la primera part què es pretén fer, després, com es farà, i llavors arribem a la tercera part del projecte en el qual es calcularà i desglossarà la inversió econòmica a realitzar; i es valorarà la viabilitat del projecte, la rendibilitat i l’amortització de la inversió.

Title: Contaje de vehículos a través de cámaras de TV Authors: Porta Lahiguera, José Luís Abstract: Este proyecto trata de utilizar la visión por ordenador y las imágenes captadas por una cámara para analizar el tráfico que se observa a través de ésta, tratando de cuantificar el volumen de vehículos que circulan por las carreteras o autopistas. Además tratará de realizar clasificaciones de los vehículos, en pesados o ligeros, mientras exista circulación fluida. Toda la información detallada anteriormente se almacenará en una base de datos para poder ser empleada según nuestras necesidades. Este proyecto también tratará de realizar un aproximación a los usos cotidianos de este tipo de información, a la forma en que actualmente obtenemos estos datos y que consumo hacemos de ellos. Uno de los objetivos de este trabajo, ha sido el de emprender un proyecto usando la visión artificial como herramienta, para desarrollar un software que a la vez de ofrecer un entorno fácil e intuitivo, sea capaz de ofrecer alternativas a tecnologías actualmente existentes y en uso. Para el tratamiento de la imagen y extraer la información ha sido necesaria la creación de parámetros y variables que puedan cuantificar el movimiento que se produce en una imagen. En la interacción con el usuario se ha tratado de generar formularios sencillos e intuitivos para que el usuario no tenga dificultades para manejar estas definiciones.

Title: Cálculo y diseño de una instalación doméstica considerando la certificación energética en edificaciones Authors: Fernández Montes, José María Abstract: En este Proyecto Final de Carrera se estudiará el rendimiento energético de un edificio de viviendas situado en Tarragona, y se propondrán intervenciones para mejorar este comportamiento. Se realizarán los cálculos y dimensionamiento de las instalaciones que afectan al resultado obtenido por esta certificación energética (electricidad, climatización, aislamiento y salubridad), así como la propia evaluación energética, con el programa informático CYPE ingenieros , versión 2012.i. Con el programa informático CYPE Instalaciones de edificio, definiremos el edificio de viviendas en 3D a partir de los planos del proyecto básico, así como los cierres y dimensionamiento de las instalaciones, y obtendremos la demanda energética del edificio de viviendas. Después analizaremos el mercado para ver qué posibles intervenciones podemos realizar en el edificio de viviendas para reducir la demanda energética y mejorar su calificación. Se ha querido enfocar el proyecto desde un punto de vista tecnológico para sugerir las posibles alternativas de instalación, por lo que las propuestas implementadas se basan en equipos consumidores de una menor cantidad de energía sin verse mermadas por ello las prestaciones de confort en las mismas. Así pues, las mejoras intervenidas para mejorar la certificación energética del presente edificio se basan en la aplicación de soluciones de energía solar térmica para ACS y calefacción, adoptar un sistema de suelo radiante y refrescante para la climatización, y el cambio de alumbrado tradicional por tecnología LED. Una vez aplicadas las intervenciones escogidas comprobaremos cómo hemos reducido la demanda energética y cómo ha mejorado la calificación energética del edificio. La conclusión que se puede extraer en la realización de este Proyecto Final de Carrera es que es importante la sensibilización respecto al ahorro energético, puesto que los edificios actuales no son muy eficientes, pero, tal y cómo se comprobará en este proyecto, con una inversión razonable se pueden conseguir unos resultados muy satisfactorios y que a la larga, ésta estará compensada.

Title: Métodos de inyección de potencia reactiva en redes de baja tensión Authors: Melero Millán, Iván Abstract: El objetivo principal de este estudio, de inyección de potencia en redes de baja tensión a través de inversores solares distribuidos en la red, con control de potencia reactiva, será plantear y revisar diversos métodos de control de inyección de potencia reactiva a la red. Para concluir se realizara un análisis de estos en diferentes casuísticas de inyección de potencia activa, de manera que podamos extraer el mejor de los métodos de control presentados. Todo ello con la ayuda de simulaciones mediante la herramienta de simulación de Matlab Simulink.

Title: Nau industrial Authors: Seira Corominas, Jordi Abstract: El projecte consisteix en el disseny i càlcul amb el suport dels programes d’ús professional Cype Ingenieros, Power Connect i Teckla, d’una nau industrial metàl·lica, amb perfils de secció variable (PVS) per tal de reduir el seu pes. S’inclouen els plànols de totes les barres per a la seva compra, fabricació en taller i muntatge en obra. Per al càlcul de l’estructura s’han tingut en compte les carregues permanents (pes propi dels elements de l’estructura i dels tancaments), sobrecarrega d’us, vent i neu segons la localització de la nau i la normativa de l’acer Codi Tècnic de l’Edificació (CTE). També es calculen les fonamentacions, el recobriment dels perfils per a la resistència al foc i es comproven les unions més crítiques. També es realitza un pressupost per la estructura metàl·lica que inclou compra de material, fabricació a taller, transport a obra i muntatge. Aquest pressupost ascendeix a 89767,23€ Finalment, en les conclusions, es compara el cost de la nostre estructura amb una estructura tipus calculada amb perfils comercials i es comprova que amb perfils de secció variable, per naus de grans llums, s’aconsegueix una reducció important de cost, en el nostre cas de 7080.77€

Title: Use of a Low-Mach model on a CFD&HT solver for the elements of an object oriented program to numerically simulate hermetic refrigeration compressors Authors: López Mas, Joan; Lehmkuhl Barba, Oriol; Rigola Serrano, Joaquim; Pérez Segarra, Carlos David Abstract: A powerful object oriented approach for the simulation of generic thermal systems (Damle et al., 2008) is used as a framework to numerically simulate the thermal and fluid behavior of hermetic reciprocating compressors. A physical abstraction of the compressor system provides a vertex-edge graph, defining the elements and the neighborhood relations of the system to be solved. Each one of these resulting elements is modeled in order to be solved by itself by giving their respective boundary conditions. Since each element provides its own solver tool, the coupled system can be solved in an integrated form. Into previous works, an unstructured and parallel object oriented Computational Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer code (from now on CFD&HT) for accurate and reliable solving of turbulent industrial flow, called TermoFluids (Lehmkuhl et al., 2007), was used to provide with CFD&HT capability the system elements (López et al., 2010). In this work, a Low-Mach based CFD&HT module (Chiva et al., 2011) implemented within the TermoFluids software has been used solve the fluid domain existing inside the shell of a reciprocating compressor, which is identified as one of the compressor elements in the abstraction stage. This improvement allows us to numerically simulate the recirculation flow inside the shell of a reciprocating compressor, providing detailed information about suction area of the compressor and allowing study of new geometric configurations of such part. Furthermore, in comparison with previously tested CFD&HT modules, the Low-Mach model allows better treatment of the compressibility effects generated at the inner elements of the compressor such as chambers, tubes and undoubtedly the compression chamber.

Title: Effects of non-toxic solvent microemulsion in washing wool Authors: Carrión Fité, Francisco Javier Abstract: This work studies the detersive power and redeposition of impurities after washing standard wool fabrics with a non-toxic solvent microemulsion added to the conventional washing formulations in order improve the results of conventional washing. The solvent was dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS), emulsified and micro-dispersed with amphoteric surfactant. The fabric was washed using non-ionic surfactants, alcohol ethoxylate (AE-7) with 7 m. E.O. and an alkyl polyglucoside (APG). Detersive power was studied as function of those surfactants and their differing proportions in mixture. Detersive power was potentiated by addition sodium carbonate and sodium chloride as builders, and it was likewise studied under the influence of the salts with different water hardness used in the tests. A sequestering agent, DTPMP, was used to improve the results for detergency. The tensile strength and burst strength of the wool fabric washed with those surfactants and the microdispersed DMS with repeated washes was assessed. With those non-ionic surfactants used in the same programmed washing tests, the redeposition of a solid impurity, namely carbon black, during the washing was also studied, and a notable decrease of redeposition was attained with addition of the microemulsified DMS, which was also observed with the additional use of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS). In order to predict the stability of the particles of carbon black and the particles of DMS in the washing bath, the size of those particles was determined

Title: Washing wool with surfactants and a non-toxic solvent microemulsion: influence of water hardness Authors: Carrión Fité, Francisco Javier Abstract: In this work, detersive power (soil removal) was studied after washing a soiled wool fabric with addition of a non-toxic solvent microemulsion to conventional washing detergent formulations with the aim of improving the performance of the conventional washing. The non-toxic solvent used was dimethyl sulfoxide micro-dispersed with an amphoteric surfactant as emulsifier. The fabric was washed with biodegradable non-ionic surfactants such as an alcohol ethoxylate (AE) with 7 mE.O. and an alkyl polyglucoside with 1.4 glucoside groups (APG). The fabric used was EMPA 107 wool (soiled with standard impurities). The non-ionic surfactants were used separately and in mixture in varying proportions for the washes. Given the large amount of impurities in the wool fabric, sodium carbonate and sodium chloride were used to attain a suitable pH to avoid damaging the wool. The fabric was washed at low temperature with water of different hardness (20º hf, 30º hf and 40º hf). In addition, the sequestering agent DTPMP was used to obtain an improvement of detersive power at the hardness of 40º hf

Title: FRA: A new fuzzy-based routing approach for optical transport networks Authors: Ahvar, E.; Marín Tordera, Eva; Yannuzzi, Marcelo; Masip Bruin, Xavier; Ahvar, S. Abstract: Providing networks with QoS guarantees is one of the key issues to support current and future expected clients' demands. In this scenario, QoS routing is definitely critical as being responsible for defining those optimal routes supporting traffic forwarding throughout the whole network. This paper proposes two new QoS-aware RWA algorithms dealing with the routing inaccuracy problem, aiming at reducing blocking probability while limiting signaling overhead and balancing network load. The proposed algorithms extend the work already published by the authors on prediction based routing by adding a novel fuzzy-based technique featuring a powerful tool for modeling uncertainty. The proposed algorithms are compared with a well-known RWA algorithm and results show the benefit of introducing the fuzzy techniques in the RWA selection.

Title: A procedure to design wide-band electromagnetically-coupled stacked microstrip antennas based on a simple network model Authors: Anguera Pros, Jaume; Puente Baliarda, Carles; Borja, C. Abstract: It is well known that microstrip patch antennas have a poor bandwidth due to the small spacing between the patch and the ground plane. A stacked patch configuration has been demonstrated experimentally as a feasible solution, but little information on the design procedure is available. Here, a systematic design procedure based on a single network model is shown.

Title: Iterative network models to predict the performance of Sierpinski fractal antennas and networks Authors: Borja, C.; Puente Baliarda, Carles Abstract: Two simple, fast numerical models to predict the input parameters of antennas and networks whose topologies are that of the Sierpinski gasket and carpet fractal shape, are introduced. These models are based on the same recursive principle used to generate fractal structures.

Title: Leer y comprender la ciudad Authors: Franquesa Sànchez, Jordi Abstract: Este artículo pretende poner de relieve y valorar cómo diferentes medodologías de aprendizaje implementadas en las aulas de taller pueden mejorar sensiblemente la capacidad de razonamiento crítico del alumno, aumentando así sus aptitudes para poder resolver determinados problemas que se le puedan presentar en la disciplina del urbanismo.

Title: ONU optimal gain and position of the distribution element in Rayleigh-limited WDM and TDM PONs with reflective ONU Authors: López Pastor, Eduardo Tommy; Lázaro Villa, José Antonio; Arellano Pinilla, Cristina; Polo Querol, Víctor; Prat Gomà, Josep Joan Abstract: The influence of the distribution element position in PONs is reported. Best Crosstalk-to-Signal ratio (C/S) is achieved if it is placed either in the ONU or OLT vicinity with optimum ONU gain depending of the MUX position

Title: Segmentation robust to the vignette effect for machine vision systems Authors: Karatzas, D; Rusiñol, Marçal; Antens, Coen; Ferrer Sumsi, Miquel Abstract: The vignette effect (radial fall-off) is commonly encountered in images obtained through certain image acquisition setups and can seriously hinder automatic analysis processes. In this paper we present a fast and efficient method for dealing with vignetting in the context of object segmentation in an existing industrial inspection setup. The vignette effect is modelled here as a circular, non-linear gradient. The method estimates the gradient parameters and employs them to perform segmentation. Segmentation results on a variety of images indicate that the presented method is able to successfully tackle the vignette effect.

Title: 105143 Authors: Ruisánchez Capelastegui, Manuel Editor: Stadt Jena

Title: An iterative algorithm for approximate median graph computation Authors: Ferrer Sumsi, Miquel; Bunke, Horst Abstract: Recently, the median graph has been shown to be a good choice to obtain a representative of a given set of graphs. It has been successfully applied to graph-based classification and clustering. In this paper we exploit a theoretical property of the median, which has not yet been utilized in the past, to derive a new iterative algorithm for approximate median graph computation. Experiments done using five different graph databases show that the proposed approach yields, in four out of these five datasets, better medians than two of the previous existing methods.

Title: On the design of a UAS flight plan monitoring and edition system Authors: Pastor Llorens, Enric; Santamaria Barnadas, Eduard; Royo Chic, Pablo; López Rubio, Juan; Barrado Muxí, Cristina Abstract: This paper addresses various aspects of the design and development of the pilot interface for the exploitation of highly advanced flight plan capabilities specifically designed for Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS). This flight plan capabilities are built on top a flexible and reusable hardware/software architecture designed to facilitate the development of UAS-based applications. This flexibility is organized into an user-parameterizable UAS Service Abstraction Layer (USAL). The USAL defines a collection of standard services are their interrelations as a basic starting point for further development by UAS users. Previous research presented the advanced flying capabilities of a UAS as an extension of the Flight Control System (FCS) functionalities. Assuming a UAS with a FCS that ensures safe and stable maneuvers, we complement it with a highly capable flight plan management system. USAL flight plan is characterized by offering semantically much richer constructs than those present in most current UAS autopilots, which rely on simple lists of waypoints. This list of waypoints approach has several important limitations: it is difficult to specify complex trajectories and it does not support constructs such as conditional forks or iterations, small changes may imply having to deal with a considerable amount of waypoints and it provides no mechanism for adapting to mission time circumstances. To address these issues a new flight plan specification mechanism is proposed, that incorporates a leg concept extended to accommodate higher level constructs for specifying iterations and forks. Additional leg types, referred to as parametric leg, are also introduced. The trajectory defined by a parametric leg is automatically generated as a function of mission variables, enabling dynamic behavior and providing a very valuable means for adapting the flight to the mission evolution. Another level of adaption is provided by the conditions governing the decision-making in intersection le- - gs and the finalization of iterative legs. In this work we will focus on the development of the pilot interface for the exploitation of the introduced flight plan capabilities. The interface design requirements address an increase level of automated operation and support to react to unexpected requirements due to mission changes. Therefore, this interaction includes the available mechanisms to update the flight-plan according to UAS mission requirements, skip parts of it, react to operational contingencies, etc.

Title: CMOS fast transient low-dropout regulator Authors: Saberkari, Alireza; Alarcón Cot, Eduardo José; Shokouhi, Shahriar B. Abstract: In this paper a fast transient response CFA-based low-dropout regulator (LDO) is introduced. The circuit is stable for 0-100mA output load current and a 1?F output capacitor without any internal compensation. The CFA consists of a voltage follower with output local current-current feedback based on a level-shifted flipped voltage follower (LSFVF) which is instrumental to achieve high regulation and fast transient response. The inverting output buffer stage of the CFA together with current-mirror-based driving of the pass transistor results in high PSRR. Full transistor-level simulation results for an AMS 0.35?m CMOS process design reveal that the proposed LDO dissipates 58?A quiescent current at no-load condition and in worst case conditions has a current efficiency of 99.8%. For a 1?F output capacitor, the maximum output voltage variation to a 0-100mA load transient with rise and fall time of 10 and 100ns is only 2.5mV, and the PSRR is smaller than -58dB over the entire load current range.

Title: Determining the thermal conductivity as a function of water content for a soil with different percentages of gravels Authors: Rubio Esteve, Carlos Miguel; Josa March, Ramon; Cobos, Douglas R.; Campbell, C.S.; Ferrer, Francesc

Title: Optimal linear correction in LMMSE estimation using moments of the complex inverse Wishart distribution Authors: Serra, Jordi; Nájar Martón, Montserrat Abstract: The conventional linear minimum mean square error esti- mator (LMMSE) suffers a severe performance degradation whenever the sample size is comparable to the observation dimension. In order to tackle this problem, we propose an optimal linear correction of the conventional LMMSE, which minimizes the average mean square error (MSE) by using the moments of the complex inverse Wishart distribution. Numerical simulations highlight that the proposed estimator dramatically outperforms the conventional LMMSE in the small sample size regime